Economics معاشیات Urdu Medium Class 12 Punjab Text Book

Topics covered include supply and demand, market structures, national income, inflation, fiscal policy, and international trade, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of how economies function at both the individual and national levels. Each chapter explains key economic concepts in accessible language, supported by real-life examples and case studies relevant to Pakistan’s economy. The textbook includes exercises, graphical analyses, and problem-solving activities to reinforce students’ analytical and critical thinking skills. By connecting theoretical knowledge with practical applications, this book prepares students for advanced studies in economics and helps them understand the economic factors influencing society. It serves as a valuable resource for Class 12 students to build a solid foundation in economic literacy.